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Pressure Sensor Basics

What is a pressure sensor?

A pressure sensor detects the pressure of a gas or liquid and converts it into an electrical signal. It consists of a pressure-sensing element and signal-conditioning electronics, and is widely used in automotive, medical, aerospace, and industrial automation applications.

How does a pressure sensor work?

The principle is to translate physical pressure into a measurable electrical signal. Two common approaches:
Piezoresistive (silicon): a Wheatstone bridge of strain resistors changes resistance under stress, producing a corresponding voltage output.
Capacitive (silicon): a diaphragm and electrode form a capacitor; pressure-induced gap change alters capacitance, which is converted to an electrical signal.

Common types

Piezoresistive, piezoelectric, capacitive, foil-strain-gauge, and ceramic types—each with different trade-offs in range, environmental robustness, and cost.

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